Viewing All Flashcards for Social Studies
Questions
Answers
architecture• cornerstones• court document • diaries • letters• monuments • interviews • photographs • speeches
Atlases • biographies • computer databases • government publications• encyclopedias • newspapers • telephone directories • textbooks
Using terms that show connections between two places such as “next to”, “near”, and “bordering”
Atlantic Ocean Chesapeake Bay
North Carolina • Tennessee • Kentucky• West Virginia • Maryland
The Fall Line
Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other valleys separated by ridges (The Blue Ridge Mountains and the Valley and Ridge regions are part of the Appalachian mountain system.)• Located west of the Blue Ridge Mountains
Old, rounded mountains • Source of many rivers • Between the Piedmont and Valley and Ridge regions • Part of the Appalachian mountain system
Flat land Location near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (includes Eastern Shore)East of the Fall Line
Rolling hills at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains• West of the Fall Line• Located between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Blue Ridge Mountains
Plateau (an area of elevated land that is flat on top)• Coal deposits• Located in southwest Virginia • Only a small part of the plateau is located in Virginia.
Coastal Plain (Tidewater)• Piedmont • Blue Ridge Mountain• Valley and Ridge• Appalachian Plateau
East of the Fall Line • Near the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean• Includes the Eastern Shore
Flat land • Located near the Atlantic Ocean and theChesapeake Bay
West of the Fall Line• Between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region and Blue Ridge Mountain region• Rolling hills at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont regions
The waterfalls and rocks at the Fall Line stopped ships from traveling further up the rivers.• Ships unloaded their cargo at the Fall Line.
Valley and Ridge region
It is a large peninsula bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.• It is part of the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region.
The York River
Atlantic Ocean
Chesapeake Bay
A piece of land bordered by water on three sides
The James River
The Potomac River
Provided transportation links for trade between colonial Virginia and other places (e.g. Europe, Africa/Angola, and Caribbean)
Good harbors for transportation links• A source of food and transportation• Separates the Eastern Shore from the mainland of Virginia
Flows downhill into the Chesapeake Bay• Richmond and Jamestown are located along the James River.
Flows downhill into the Chesapeake Bay • Yorktown is located along the York River.
Flows downhill into the Chesapeake Bay • Alexandria is located along the Potomac River.
Flows downhill into the Chesapeake Bay• Fredericksburg is located along the Rappahannock River.
The Rappahannock River
Chesapeake Bay • James River • York River • Rappahannock River• Potomac River • Lake Drummond • Dismal Swamp
The Dismal Swamp
Located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region• Shallow natural lake surrounded by the Dismal Swamp• Bowl shaped with acid-stained water (looks like tea) from the surrounding Dismal Swamp• Limited fish population • Large natural lake in the heart of the Dismal Swamp
Located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region• Explored and surveyed by George Washington • Inhabited by a variety of wildlife • Underwater for millions of years
Cherokee Indians
Christopher Columbus called the people in the lands he discovered “Indians” because he thought he was in the Indies (near China).
40)
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region
Powhatan
42)
Piedmont region
Monacan
44)
Appalachian Plateau
Animal skins (deerskins) were used for clothing.• For garments in winter, they used feathers and furs.• They wore decorations made from natural objects, such as shells, animal claws, and pearls.
Spring: hunted, fished, picked berries, and planted seeds• Summer: cared for crops (beans, corn, and squash)• Fall: harvested and prepared some of the crops for winter storage and hunted• Winter: hunted birds and animals, such as deer, squirrel, rabbit, and wild turkey and ate the foods they had preserved
They made shelter from materials found around them.• They made one-room houses out of saplings tied together with cordage (rope) and covered them with reed mats or bark.
It is relatively mild.• There are four seasons that result in a variety of plants or vegetation.
Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover most of the land in
Virginia.
Food changed with the seasons.
• Clothing depended on the seasons.
• Shelter was made from materials found around them.
Each has its own language group.
• They live like most other Americans today.
• They were and still are referred to as Eastern Woodland Indians.
It gives people of today clues about the interactions of the English,
Africans, and Indians of early Virginia.
53)
Werowocomoco (weh-ro-wo-COM-o-co)
Werowocomoco (weh-ro-wo-COM-o-co), located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region
Chickahominy • Mattaponi • Nansemond • Rappahannock
• Eastern Chickahominy • Monacan • Pamunkey • Upper Mattaponi
Chickahominy • Mattaponi • Pamunkey • Upper Mattaponi
• Eastern Chickahominy • Rappahannock • Nansemond
Captain Christopher Newport
England wanted to establish an American colony to increase its
wealth and power.
• England hoped to find silver and gold in America.
• An American settlement would furnish raw materials (natural
resources) that could not be grown or obtained in England while opening
new markets for trade.
Jamestown
Starting a company to make money
63)
The Virginia Company of London settled colonists in North America as
an economic venture. They established the Virginia colony to increase
England’s wealth and power.
They hoped to find a source of gold, silver, and raw
materials (natural resources) that England could not produce. They
established it as an economic venture.
They believed the location could be easily defended
against Spanish attack from the Chesapeake Bay. • The water along the
shore was deep enough for supply
ships to dock. • They believed they had a good supply of fresh water
from the James River.
The James River
The Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery
It allowed for the establishment of a settlement in North America/the
New World.
It allowed for a representative form of government in North
America/New World.
It extended the same English rights to the people living in Jamestown
as those living in England.
The General Assembly included two representatives elected by the
settlers (called burgesses), the governor’s council, and the governor.
The General Assembly
The Virginia General Assembly
It became a separate legislative body.
• They met separately from the governor’s council as one of the two
legislative bodies of the General Assembly.
A legislative body that met separately from the governor’s council.
• One of two legislative bodies of the General Assembly.
John Rolfe
The people of England liked John Rolfe’ s better tasting tobacco;
therefore, the demand for Rolfe’ s tobacco gave Virginia its first and
most important cash crop.
In 1620, a large group of unmarried English women arrived in
Jamestown. Their presence enabled the settlers to marry and to begin
families. The women also increased the quality of life for the men by
cooking better meals, sewing clothes, and taking care of the sick
In 1619, a ship arrived in Virginia carrying 20 persons of African
descent against their will. The status of these early African men and
women as either servants or slaves in Virginia is unknown. The arrival
of these Africans made it possible to expand the tobacco economy.
The Powhatan Indians helped the settlers survive by providing them
with corn.
Thanks to the Powhatan, the English settlers soon learned how to
live off of Virginia’s natural resources. By farming the rich soil, the
settlers produced plenty of food.
The site they chose was marshy and lacked safe drinking water.
• The settlers lacked the skills necessary to provide for their basic
needs.
• Many settlers died of starvation and disease.
The arrival of supply ships from England • The forced work program to
grow food crops • The strong leadership of Captain John Smith
Captain John Smith
The native peoples saw the settlers as invaders because they took over
their lands.
Tools, cooking pots, and copper to make jewelry
They realized the Jamestown settlement would grow.
• They saw the settlers as invaders as they began to take their lands.
Pocahontas, his daughter
Tobacco
Cash crop
A crop that is grown to sell for money rather than for use by the
growers
To work on tobacco farms and large plantations
Primarily in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont regions, where
agriculture required a great deal of inexpensive labor
Cultural and social influences from England included religion,
language, architecture, fashion, and family structure.
Some people were seeking religious freedom. Others came in search of
wealth, and in hope of a better life. Migration and living in North
America allowed people to adapt their customs to a new environment.
The German and Scots-Irish settlers farmed the area west of the
Shenandoah Valley. They grew wheat and other grains as their main crops.
They made the eastern foothills of Virginia an area of small farms.
The Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and the Piedmont regions
The American Indians
Unhealthy living conditions caused diseases. • Drinking water was
contaminated by seepage of
salt water from the Chesapeake Bay. • Fire destroyed wooden buildings at
Jamestown.
The population was moving westward.
• Richmond was centrally located.
• Moving to Richmond increased the distance of attack by sea from the
British ships.
Goods
Trading or exchanging goods and services without the use of money
Buying a good or service now and paying for it later
A good or service owed to another
107)
A medium of exchange (currency which includes coins and paper bills)
Tobacco
When the crops were harvested in the spring, summer, or fall seasons.
Money put away to save or spend in the future
Resources that come from nature, such as water, soil, wood, and coal
They were property of their owners.
• They had no civil rights.
• They worked in the fields, grew crops, and raised livestock.
Most made their living as small farmers. • A few Virginians owned
large farms (plantations).
They owned their own business and property. • They were denied most
civil rights.
They considered this as having “taxation without representation.” They
felt that they should be part of the decision-making process between
Great Britain and the colonists.
Taxation • Lack of representation in the British government.
It stated that: • authority to govern belonged to the people rather than
to
kings;
• all people are created equal;
• all people have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Thomas Jefferson
119)
A lawmaking group of people gathered together for a meeting
The Declaration of Independence
Some enslaved African Americans fought for a chance for freedom.
• Women made clothes and cared for injured soldiers.
• Many American Indians fought alongside both the Virginia patriots and
the British soldiers.
At the Henrico Parish Church (named St. John’ s Church fifty years
later) in Richmond, Virginia
He was an enslaved African American from Virginia who served with the
troops of the Continental Army. He took important military information
to other American spies. He was granted his freedom after the
Revolutionary War.
He was a military leader who served as
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American
Revolution.
A person who is loyal or supports one’ s own country
Near Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts
Yorktown, Virginia
The American victory at the Battle of Yorktown resulted in the surrender of the British army, bringing an end to the American Revolution.
The Battle of Great Bridge located south of Norfolk
First land battle fought in Virginia• Forced the British colonial governor to flee the city of Norfolk• Date of battle: December 1775