Viewing All Flashcards for HN 506 definitions
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1)
Vitamin A derivative (13-cis retinoic acid) used in treatment of severe acne; can cause birth defects
2)
Increased acidity, especially of the blood, with a pH lower than 7.35
Process of moving particles or ions across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient; uses ATP as source of energy
4)
Cells that store fat
5)
Failure to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, smells even though these senses are otherwise still intact
Major protein in the whey fraction of milk; part of the lactose synthase enzyme complex
7)
Small sacs in the lungs with a hollow cavity where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs
8)
Cessation or lack of menstruation
9)
Drug used to relieve pain
10)
Decrease in mass of red blood cells
11)
Lack or vestigial head in a fetus
12)
State of immune unresponsiveness
13)
Peptide hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure
14)
Precursor of peptide hormone angiotensin
15)
Eating disorder with excessive weight loss, denial of hunger and excess focus on body weight
16)
No production of urine
17)
Inability to comprehend or express speech correctly
18)
At the apex or tip of a cell
Secretions through cell membrane producing membrane bound vesicles in the lumen of an organ
20)
Inability to use objects correctly
21)
Gross lack of coordination of muscle movements
22)
Accumulation and swelling in wall of artery made up of cells, cell debris, lipids and connective tissue
Chronic inflammation of stomach accompanied by deterioration of mucosa
24)
Failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, resulting in an immune response against its own cells and tissues
25)
Part of the peripheral nervous system that affects heart rate, digestion, respiration, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, urination and sexual arousal
26)
Surface on which cells are attached; bottom surface of cell
Amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate climate in the post-absorptive state
28)
Nervous system disease due to a deficiency of thiamin
29)
Mucopolysaccharide found in human milk which enhances growth of Lactobacillus bifidus, a bacterium beneficial in the initial colonization of the gut of an infant
30)
Fraction of a consumed nutrient that is absorbed and reaches the systemic circulation
31)
An individual's body weight in kg divided by the square of his/her height in m
32)
Eating disorder with rapid consumption of massive quantities of food, followed by purging
33)
Spongy bone; same as trabecular bone
34)
Volume of blood being pumped by a ventricle in one minute
35)
Major protein fraction of milk; is precipitated in stomach by hydrochloric acid
Hormone made by fetal placenta; aids in maintaining production of maternal progesterone
37)
First milk secreted post-partum; initial volume is made during late stages of pregnancy
38)
Profound state of unconsciousness
39)
Total products of a conception, including fetus, umbilical cord, placenta and amniotic fluid
Defects or damage to the developing fetus
41)
Solid or high-density bone
42)
Cardiovascular disease; includes heart attacks (infarcts), strokes, deep vein thromboses
43)
Water with some or all of the hydrogen (H1) replaced with deuterium (H2)
44)
Drug or compound that elevates rate of urination
45)
Swelling or inflammation of an abnormal pouch in the intestinal wall
46)
Condition of having an abnormal pouch in the intestinal wall
47)
Do Not Resuscitate; a medical and legal order which mandates that a person not be resuscitated following a life-threatening event such as a heart attack or stroke
Means of measuring bone density by two beams of differing energy levels of X-rays
49)
Small duct
50)
Elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides
51)
Difficulty swallowing
52)
Severe form of pre-eclampsia; characterized by tonic-clonic seizures and coma
53)
Abnormal accumulation of fluid under skin or in a body cavity
Interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae within cells
55)
Toxic structural component of bacteria which is released when the bacteria are lysed or die
56)
Feeding by digestive tract
57)
Capable of causing disease in the intestine of an infant
58)
Adrenalin; peptide hormone which increases heart rate, dilates arteries
Transport of a nutrient or biochemical by means of a specific carrier protein but which does not require energy or the breakdown of ATP for its transport
60)
Amount or percent of a body composed of fat
61)
Amount or percent of a body other than fat; includes muscle, bone, fluids
62)
Biological ability to produce children
Syndrome characterized by disordered eating patterns, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
64)
Actual production of children
Syndrome which occurs when pregnant woman consumes excess alcohol, especially in early pregnancy, resulting in congenital malformations and retardation in the infant
66)
Developing human from 8th week of conception to delivery
67)
Mottling of teeth from excess fluoride intake
68)
Soft, uncalcified areas on the skull of an infant
69)
Milk drawn at the beginning of a lactation session
70)
Fertilized egg
71)
Consumption of dirt, a form of pica
Measure of renal function; calculated from blood creatinine, age, race, gender
73)
Enzymatic process that links saccharides to other compounds, including proteins
74)
Intracellular multi-laminar organelle; processes and packages lipids and proteins after synthesis in cells
75)
Pouch-like projections along the inner wall of the colon; can become impacted with feces resulting in diverticulitis
76)
Hemoglobin concentration of blood
77)
Hematocrit; the percent of the volume of blood comprised of cells
78)
Fe+2, found mainly in animal-based foods, more easily absorbed than non-heme iron (Fe+3)
79)
Excess storage of iron in liver, heart and pancreas
80)
Increase in liquid portion of blood in excess of any increase in cellular portion of blood
81)
Genetic defect which results in the abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of hemoglobin
82)
Uncontrolled loss of blood
83)
Condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm
84)
Milk drawn at the very end of a lactation session
Polypeptide hormone of placental origin; modifies metabolic state of mother; has insulin-like activity
Extreme, persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Excessive production of parathyroid hormone by parathyroid glands; results in loss of bone mass
88)
Increase in the number of cells
89)
Elevated blood pressure
90)
Enlargement in cell or organ size
91)
Abnormal increase in blood volume
92)
Abnormally reduced sense of thirst
93)
Complete lack of taste
94)
Lower than normal level of blood glucose; usually less than 55 mg/dL or 3 mmol/L
95)
Little to no production of sex hormones by the testes or ovaries
96)
Small endocrine gland in brain; secretes many hormones
97)
Child between birth and 1 year of age
98)
Maternal thiamin deficiency manifested in nursing infants; onset is rapid, leading to death of infant
Water losses including perspiration and respiratory losses
100)
Between cells
101)
Analog of vitamin A (Accutane) used to treat severe acne, can cause birth defects if used during pregnancy
102)
Byproduct of fatty acid breakdown; includes acetone, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid
103)
Elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood
104)
Moderate energy deficit and severe protein deficit
105)
Large cavity continuous with lactiferous ducts in mammary glands; serves as reservoir for accumulated milk
106)
Protein in milk with anti-microbial activity; binds iron (especially Fe+3) with high affinity
107)
Down-like hairs on arms which stand up; helps to conserve body heat; common in anorexia
108)
Low birth weight
109)
Enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of ester bond of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol
110)
Conversion of glucose and other simple non-fat compounds to fatty acids
111)
Breakdown of lipids or lipid deposits
112)
Little lobe
113)
Cavity or channel within a tubular structure
114)
Large body size, normally related to large-at-birth infants
115)
Severe energy deficit and severe protein deficit
116)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; average amount of hemoglobin in one red blood cell
117)
Mean corpuscular volume; average size of a red blood cell
118)
First stools of the newborn infant; contains residue of materials ingested during gestation
119)
Initial onset of regular menstrual periods
120)
Cessation of normal menstrual periods; normal part of female aging
121)
Circumference of head is more than 2 standard deviations smaller than average for person's age and sex
122)
Spontaneous loss of a fetus prior to 20th week of gestation
123)
Illness, death
124)
Susceptible to death or death itself
125)
Cells containing smooth muscle actin that can contract; found in glandular epithelium; responsible for glandular secretions
126)
Abnormal proliferation of cells; in contrast to hyperplasia
127)
Cells containing smooth muscle actin that can contract; found in glandular epithelium; responsible for glandular secretions
128)
Process in which several classes of neurotransmitters in the nervous system regulate diverse populations of neurons
129)
Fe+3, found mainly in plant-based foods, less easily absorbed than heme iron (Fe+2)
130)
Nothing per os, or no oral feeding
131)
The state of a person's health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet or other nutrient-related index
132)
The state of a person's health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet or other nutrient-related index
133)
Pain upon swallowing
134)
Decreased production of urine
Excess intake of water resulting in a dilution of serum sodium, leading to seizures and electrolyte imbalance
136)
Active regulation of osmotic pressure to maintain homeostasis of an organism's water content
137)
Loss of bone mineral content
138)
Bone cells which make or deposit new bone mineral
139)
Bone cells which resorb or break down bone mineral
140)
Condition when bone mineral density is lower than normal; considered to be a precursor to osteoporosis
141)
Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time
142)
Neurotransmitter hormone responsible for uterine contractions and expression of milk from mammary glands
143)
Consumption of ice, a form of pica
144)
Between cells
145)
Decrease in peristalsis of the GI tract, especially in the dying elderly, resulting in failure of passage of food
146)
Essential, non-structural, cells that comprise the majority of the bulk of an organ
147)
Feeding by other than digestive tract, usually TPN
148)
The process of birth and the actual delivery of an infant
149)
Process of moving particles or ions across a cell membrane without using energy
150)
Form of megaloblastic anemia resulting from a deficiency of vitamin B-12 due to atrophic gastritis and parietal cell loss