1930-Great DepressionU.S. gov. involved1946-School Lunch Programs StartedFailed Military Physicals by MalesVery Effective1970-Expose "Hunger in America"Food Assistance2008-2009Food Stamp=20000/day

Hunger is the physical need for foodFood Insecurity is the inability to satisfy basic food needs2004: 12% of US households are FI1/8 Families1/4 Children1/4 of World experience food shortages and hunger

Developing and Developed CountriesDeveloped: advanced industry, tech, and economic productivityDeveloping: low level of industry, tech or economic productivityUnderdeveloped: very low level of industry, tech or poor/lack of economy

WarCivil UnrestClimate ChangeDisasterDrought

2006-3.5 million Americans experienced hunger

12% live below poverty levelPoverty=<20000 for a family of 4or<13000 for a single mom/child

UnemploymentLack of TransportationUnstable HousingLack Of EduChild Care ExpensesAuto Accident/Auto RepairIllness/ExpensesExpensive MedicationsDrug/Alcohol AbuseChronic Disease/Disability/Mental Illness

854 Million FI Worldwide820 Million in Developing NationsHalf of Childhood deaths are directly or indirectly related to hunger and malnutrition

Political Unrest/WarHunger may be used as a political weaponUnequal Distribution of land/assestsRace Gender EthnicityWomen farmers may not have right to own landFloods/drought=FamineWeather/Natural DisastersRefugee StatusMigrant WorkersPolitical SanctionsPunish Innocent

Droughts/FloodsLack of water=famine/undernutritionLack of water=livestock slaughterFloods=diseases (cholera)Crop DiseasesInsect InfestationHurricanes/Tornados/Tropical StormsPopulation Overgrowthpoor underdeveloped nations

Nutrient DeficiencesGrowth FailureDepressed Immune SystemHeart/Kidney DamageBrain/Nervous System DamageStarvation>Death

Protein Calorie MalnutritionPoor GrowthIodine DeficiencyBrain DamageVitamin ABlindness (SE Asia and Africa)Iron DeficiencyDiet High in starch and low in meats

Breast/Bottle FeedingHIV status in developing worldsObesityMore prevalent in low income, FI familiesCheaper food=higher fat and sugarMay not lead to overt deficiencies in nutrientsMore Chronic illnesses later in life

Infants/ChildrenHigher death rate at birth or infancyStunted Growth if survivePoor learning later in lifePregnant/Lactating WomenMentally IllOlderRural AreasChronic IllnessesHIV/AIDS CancerLiver Disease

LocalFood Banks, Churches, Relief AgenciesFood Recovery/Gleaning96 Billion Lbs of Food wasted in US/yrGlobal EffortsNational/International AgenciesUNICEFUSAIDProfessional/Civic GroupsRotary International

Food StampsReduce Child Hunger 20%WICfood and formula at-risk women and children ($3 SAVED FOR $1 SPENT)National School Lunch Program16 million children w/ free/reduced lunchesSummer Food ServiceFood/ActivityChild&Adult Care Food Programmeals to low income children, seniors in day careElderly Nutrition: Congregate Meals/Meals on Wheelselderly at activity site or home

GoalsEnhance Agricultural ProductivityImprove Human NutritionFeeding Humans/Protecting EnvironmentMutually Exclusive?Crops With:Increased yieldsResistant to pestsDrought ResistanceImproved Nutritional Content (Vitamins/Minerals)Improved Protein LevelsGenetic Engineering Issues

Better Irrigation SystemsSafer Cleaner WaterFood Fortification Programsiron, folic acid, iodine, vitamin AIncreased Shelf LifeDecreased Rates of Spoilage