Development through the lifespan: Detail View

1)

Development is both multidemensional and _______?

Multidirectional

2)

Events that are strongly related to age and can be predictable are called?

Age-graded influences

3)

Reasearch done involving groups of people in different age ranges is called?

Cross-sectional design

4)

Each individual's observable characteritics is a product of both _______ and environment.

Genotype

5)

Development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and environment is?

Epigenesis

6)

The tendancy to actively choose environments that compliment heredity is called?

Niche-picking

7)

A term that refers to a environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is called?

Teratogen

8)

17% of women do this during pregnancy that most often can lead to low birth weight.

Smoking

9)

A teraogen that can cause facial abnormalities and both physical and develomental delays.

Alcohol

10)

Through the first few years of life the brain, specificaly the cerebral cortex, is descibed as being highly?

Plastic

11)

Conditioning involving an infiants ability to associate events with the everyday world

Classical conditioning

12)

This undergoes extraodinary changes through the first 7-8 months of life

Vision

13)

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers "think" with there sensory skills instead of in their heads, this stage is called?

Sensorimotor stage

14)

Skinner believed that language was acquired through?

Operant conditioning

15)

Combining two words during todler speach development is called?

Telegraphic speech

16)

What is the most frequent expression of fear in infant and toddler years?

Stranger anxiety

17)

The most accepted theory of attachment is the?

Ethological theory

18)

Identification of self as a physically unique being is?

Self-reconition

19)

Make-believe play not only reflects but also contributes to children's ________ and ________ skills?

Congitive social

20)

Failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of other's from one's own is called?

Egocenrism

21)

According to Piaget's theory's, a child encouraged to discover for themselves through spontanous interaction with the environment is called?

Discovery leanring

22)

Erickson described early childhood as a period of "vigourous unfolding", what is the name of this theory?

Initiative versus guilt

23)

What is the term for the set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is?

Self-concept

24)

What theory suggest's that morality does not have a unique course of development and is aquired through reinforcement and modeling?

Social learning theory

25)

School age children generally take ________ years to attain speaking and writting skills in a second language as well as there native language counterparts

5-7

26)

A concern with middle childhood development in classrooms when a teacher emphasize competition and publicly compare students, favoring the best ones is?

Educational self-fulfilling prophecies

27)

This type of thinking involves arriving at a single correct answer and is emphasized on intelligence tests

Convergent thinking

28)

School age children often make judgements of their apperance, abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others, called?

Social comparisons

29)

According to Erikson's theory, what is the combination of adult expectations and childrens drive toward mastery set the stage for the psycological conflict of middle childhood?

Industry versus inferiority

30)

Unlike friendship, this is not a mutual relationship, buta one-sided perspective involving a group view of an individual

Peer acceptance

31)

The first outward sign of puberty is the rapid gain in height and weight known as?

Growth spurt

32)

First menstration is called?

Menarche

33)

The forst ejaculation is called?

Spermarche

34)

This dilemma found through Kohhlberg's research involves pitting the value of obeying the law against the value of a human life.

Heinz dilemma

35)

The degree to which morality is central to self-concept

Moral self-relevance

36)

Deveolment at adolescence involves striving for _____, which is a sense of oneself as a seperate, self-governing individual

Autonomy

37)

____ % of us students drop out of four year institutions

30

38)

Early adulthood represents the _______ period of selection of a occupation

Realistic period

39)

Cognitive devepment in early adulthood beyond Piagets formal operations is known as?

Postformal thought

40)

What is the key to Levinson's theory that consists of relationships

Life structure

41)

What is the age graded expectations for major life evets rrefered to as?

Social clock

42)

Intimacy, passion, and commitment make up what theory?

Triangular theory of love

43)

Around age 60 the lens looses it's capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances, a condition called?

Presbyopia

44)

The midlife transition in which fertility declines for both sexes is called?

Climacteric

45)

___________ intelligence refers to skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and mastery of social conventions

Crystalized

46)

Erikson's theory of midlife is called

Generativity versus stagnation

47)

A theory of inner turmoil, self-doubt, and stress prompting restucturing of personality in the fourties is often referred to as

Mid life crisis

48)

A biological explaination of why both men and woman become more adrogynous in middle adulthood

Parental imparative theory

49)

The most common form of dementia resulting in losses of many aspects of thought and behaivor

Alzheimers

50)

Older adults tend to suffer from impared vision and may experience __________ and __________ degeneration

Catarats macular

51)

Aging due to decines in health from hereditary defects and negative environmental influences

Secondary aging

52)

Emotional strength elders display with the ability to maximize positive emotion and dampen negative emotion

Affect optimization

53)

The final psychological conflict of Erikson's involving coming to terms with one's life

Ego integrity versus despair

54)

A theory that involves how peoples social networks sustain continuity while also narrowing as they age

Socioemotional selectivity theory

55)

The experience of losing a loved one by death

Bereavement

56)

The intense physiological and psycological distress that accompanies loss

Greif

57)

___________ involves culturally varying customs that express thoughts and feelings designed to help cope with death

Mourning