psy: Detail View

Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations; 7-11conservation, mathematical transformations

56)

Definition:formal operational

Abstract reasoning;12-adulthoodabstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning

57)

Definition:object permanence

Awareness that things continue to exist even when not preceived (sensorimotor)

58)

Definition:conservation

The principle that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects (concrete operational)

59)

Definition:egocentrism

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.

60)

Definition:theory of mind

People's ideas about their own and others mental states- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

61)

Definition:autism

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked be deficient communication, social interaction and understanding of others' states or mind

62)

During the preoperational stage, a young child's thinking isa. abstractb. negativec.conservatived. egocentric

Egocentric

63)

Definition:stranger anxiety

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months

64)

Definition:attachment

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

65)

What did Harry and Margaret Harlow discover?

The discovered that touch is important when forming a bond with children. the discovered this with monkeys

66)

Critical period

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

67)

Definition:imprinting

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

68)

Definition:secure attachment

When mother's is present they play comfortably, happily exploring thier new environment. when she leaves, they are distressed; when she returns they seek contact with her

69)

Research indicates that the high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers also tend toA. have the most intimate relationships with girlfriends. B. have somewhat less intimate relationships with girlfriends. C. take longer than normal to establish their own independence and separate identity. D. have difficulty forming intimate relationships with boys

Have the most intimate relationships with girlfriend

70)

Aerobic exercise programs during late adulthood stimulate improvement in A. object permanence. B. basic trust. C. menarche. D. memory.

D. memory.

71)

According to Erikson, adolescence is to identity as late adulthood is toA. integrity. B. autonomy. C. generativity. D. intimacy.

A. integrity.

72)

When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recently learned list of 24 words, the older adults demonstratedA. no decline in either recall or recognition. B. a decline in recognition but not in recall. C. a decline in recall but not in recognition. D. a decline in both recognition and recall.

A decline in recall but not in recognition.

73)

Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in aA. rectangular shape. B. circular shape. C. bull's-eye pattern. D. facelike image.

Facelike image

74)

During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived? A. sensorimotor B. preoperational C. concrete operational D. formal operational

A. sensorimotor

75)

The concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of A. secure attachments among infants. B. bladder control among 12-month-olds. C. self-esteem among kindergarten students. D. moral behavior among adolescents.

Bladder control among 12-month-olds

76)

Scaffold

77)

Four-year-olds are not completely egocentric and 5-year-olds can exhibit some understanding of conservation. This indicates that Piaget may have underestimated theA. importance of critical periods in early life. B. role of motivation in cognitive development. C. continuity of cognitive development. D. importance of early attachment experiences.

Continuity of cognitive development

78)

Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson, Branden best illustratesA. crystallized intelligence. B. preconventional morality. C. role confusion. D. egocentrism.

Role confusion

79)

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones. A. both the sequence and the age-related timing B. the sequence but not the age-related timing C. the age-related timing but not the sequence D. neither the sequence nor the age-related timing

The age-related timing but not the sequence

80)

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative ofA. role confusion. B. egocentrism. C. crystallized intelligence. D. insecure attachment.

Insecure attachment.

81)

When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recently learned list of 24 words, the older adults demonstrateA. no decline in either recall or recognition. B. a decline in recognition but not in recall. C. a decline in recall but not in recognition. D. a decline in both recognition and recall.

A decline in recall but not in recognition.

82)

Research on older people has shown thatA. they grow increasingly fearful of death. B. they become increasingly prone to car accidents. C. they experience less life satisfaction than younger adults. D. all of these statements are true.

They become increasingly prone to car accidents

83)

The association areas are the last cortical areas to fully develop theirA. schemas. B. teratogens. C. neural networks. D. primary sex characteristics

Neural networks

84)

Hich of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies, as compared with previous centuries?A. It begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life. B. It begins later in life and ends earlier in life. C. It begins earlier in life and ends later in life. D. It begins later in life and ends later in life.

It begins earlier in life and ends later in life.

85)

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to includeA. egocentrism. B. brain abnormalities. C. visual impairments. D. autism.

Brain abnormalities

86)

Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely toA. form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world. B. encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism. C. encounter some difficulty in forming an attachment to her father. D. achieve formal operational intelligence more quickly than the average child.

Form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.

87)

According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.A. sensorimotor B. preoperational C. concrete operational D. formal operational

Concrete operational

88)

Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be A. underweight. B. autistic. C. hyperactive. D. hearing impaired.

Underweight

89)

Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in total isolationA. were totally apathetic and indifferent to the first monkeys they encountered. B. were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity. 100% C. showed slower social development but more rapid cognitive development. D. showed no lasting adverse effects when placed in a socially enriched environment.

Were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity

90)

Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to A. social development. B. physical development. C. cognitive development. D. economic development.

Cognitive development

91)

As people progress into late adulthood, they increasingly use words that convey ________ emotions, and the amygdala shows diminishing activity in response to ________ events.A. negative; negative B. positive; positive C. negative; positive D. positive; negative

Positive; negative

92)

From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in theA. frontal lobes. B. hypothalamus. C. cerebellum. D. brainstem.

Frontal lobes

93)

The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process ofA. assimilation. B. conservation. C. accommodation. D. maturation.

Assimilation

94)

Today's earlier female sexual maturation is especially likely amongA. underweight girls in father-absent homes. B. overweight girls in father-absent homes. C. underweight girls in father-present homes. D. overweight girls in father-present homes.

Overweight girls in father-absent homes.

95)

The age at which people are expected to leave home, get a job, and marry has changed dramatically in Wallonia over the past 50 years. Developmentalists would say that the country's ________ has been altered.A. social clock B. developmental norm C. maturation cycle D. family calendar

Social clock

96)

When people with autism watch another person's hand movements, they display less ________ than most others.A. infantile amnesia B. egocentrism C. mirror neuron activity D. stranger anxiety

C. mirror neuron activity

97)

Erikson would have suggested that adolescents can most effectively develop a sense of identity byA. seeking a lifelong romantic relationship. B. severing the emotional ties between themselves and their childhood friends. C. investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles. D. adopting whatever values and expectations their parents recommend.

Investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles.

98)

Infants less than 6 months old look longer than usual at unexpected events such as an object magically disappearing. This suggests that PiagetA. overestimated the continuity of cognitive development. B. underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants. C. overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence. D. underestimated the impact of object permanence on infant attachment. 0%

Underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.

99)

According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage.A. preoperational B. concrete operational C. formal operational D. sensorimotor

Concrete operational

100)

Carol is distressed because post-childbirth complications prevented her from being in close physical contact with her child during its first few hours of life. Carol should be told thatA. human infants do not have well-defined critical periods for the formation of a mother-infant attachment. B. physical contact with her infant immediately after birth would not contribute to the development of mother-infant attachment. C. infants should be left physically undisturbed during the first few hours of life so they can rest. D. as long as she can breast-feed her baby, no lasting damage will be done.

Human infants do not have well-defined critical periods for the formation of a mother-infant attachment.

101)

Learning to delay gratification promotesA. maturation. B. imprinting. C. moral action. D. permissive parenting.

C. moral action.

102)

Psychologists David Premack and Guy Woodruff described chimpanzees' seeming ability to read intentions as indicative of A. imprinting. B. a theory of mind. C. object permanence. D. crystallized intelligence.

A theory of mind

103)

Definition:Culture

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a groups or people and transmitted from one generation to the next

104)

What is the depression gene

5-HTT

105)

Major accomplishments of the Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2)

-Object permanence-stranger anxiety

106)

Major Accomplishments of the Preoperational Stage (2-6/7)

Pretend PlayEgocentrism

107)

Major accomplishments of the concrete operational stage (7-11)

Conservationmathematical transformations

108)

Major accomplishments of formal operational stage (12-adulthood)

Abstract logicpotential for mature moral reasoning

109)

How do scientist figure out the attachment style of a child?

Strange situation

110)

What are the stages of Sensorimotor?

1. simple reflex(0-1m)2.primary circular reaction(1-4m)3.Secondary circular reaction(4-8)4.Coordination of secondary schemes(8-12)5.Tertiary circular reactions(12-18)6. Mental Combinations(18-24)

111)

What is the primary circular reaction?

Realization of own body

112)

What is the secondary circular reaction?

Discoveries in the enviornment

113)

What happens during the coordination of secondary schemes?

Intentional, goal-directed behavior

114)

What happens during the Teriary Circular Reactions stage?

Active experimentation, trial-error discovery of new ways

115)

What happens during mental combinations stage?

Development of symbolic thought

116)

Identity vs, Role

Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

117)

Intimacy vs. isolation

Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

118)

Generativity vs. stagnation

In middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to he world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

119)

Intergrity vs. despair

Reflecting on his or er life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction of failure

120)

What is motivation

A need or desire that energizes and drives behavior

121)

What regions of the brain are responsible for regulating hunger?

Lateral hypothalamus- bring on hungerventromedial hypothalamus- depresses hunger

122)

What does Stice's findings about Seventeen Magazine?

It increases insecurities in girl and increases the chances of them developing eating disorders