Hunting and gathering people

City-centered, state-baseddensely populatedfueled by large agricultural surplus around city

Power concentrated to emperor (Emperor Yongle)Unitary and centralized gov.Inter. and domestic trade flourished population after Mongol ruleIndian Ocean made inter. trade possibleDid NOT seek to conquer or spread culture

-Admiral of Ming Dynasty's fleet of ships-300 ships/ 27000 crew-served to exert Chinese power over foreign trade in Indian Ocean-Rulers accompanied fleets back to present tribute and receive trading opportunity

Zheng He's fleet was abruptly stopped because of lack of support in official circlesThey believed China was self-sufficientNeeded to protect China from Mongol threat at borders

Let Europe take hold of trade in Indian Ocean

Introduced by Vasco Da GamaAdopted by Dutch, English, and Frenchset up protection rackets

Having someone pay you off to let them pass unharmed

Sufi religionTurkic leadershipPersian landsMonarch rule (king or queen)Wanted to forcibly impose Shia version of Islam as official religion of stateMilitary conflict with Ottoman

Monarch ruleTurkic leadershipPushed into southeastern Europe

-Reclaimed classical Greek traditions-Recovering from Black Death-Religious figures and now ancient mythology and well known figures included in artistic themes-more interested in capturing unique qualities for individuals and describing world as it was

Alliance among 5 Iroquois peoples"Great Law of Peace"As productivity in agriculture grew, population grew, settlements increased, distinct peoples emerged, warfare eruptedSettled differences peacefully through clan leaders

-absence in immunities to diseases in new world natives -smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever -up to 90% of populations in certain areas died -Endemic brought by Europeans -Some said it was an act of god that cleared the land for them to settle -made conquering easier