History midterm: Detail View

1)

During the 1500s, what was China's official trade policy?

Would only trade through government and had to pay tribute/submit to China's demands

2)

What were European's main motives for making voyages of exploration?

Money, God, glory

3)

Why was Zheng He important?

He leade 7 expeditions to spread China's wealth and got sixteen countries to pay tribute (he made China's trade policy)

4)

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

Fur trading

5)

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than Native Americans?

Native Americans knew the land better so they could escape easier

6)

What was the purpose of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s?

Large and small investors could share profits and risks - American colonization and purpose of the colonies (?)

7)

What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?

Labor shortage

8)

How did Bartoleme de Las Casas effect race relations in the Americas?

Wanted better treatment for the labor

9)

How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas?

Millions were sold

10)

What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies?

Hapsburgs/Spain

11)

Under Maria Theresa, Austra's greatest enemy was

Frederick II Hohenzollern

12)

Frederick II came to power as the

King of Prussia

13)

The War of the Austrian Succession was fought over the possession of lands belonging to

Austria (mostly Silesia)

14)

In Europe, the Seven Years' War resulted in

No change of land (new land trading? and French and Indian war in America)

15)

In Russia, the boyars were

Nobles

16)

Peter the Great's main reason for visiting the West was to

Learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques in order to westernize Russia

17)

The period of European history known as the Renaissance roughly covers the time from

1300-1600

18)

A person who produces work "in the vernacular" is one who

Wrote in the local language

19)

The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of

Secular idea from ancient Greek and Rome

20)

The first use of movable type was in

Germany

21)

The printing press was invented by

Gutenberg

22)

The founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits was

Ignatius of Loyola

23)

The Council of Trent agreed that

The interpretation of the Bible by Church is final

24)

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of

Culture and learning

25)

For what is the Medici family famous?

Famous rulers and patrons of the arts

26)

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between which two groups?

Protestants and Catholics

27)

What European nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades?

Italy

28)

Which nation did Prince Henry help to take the lead in overseas exploration?

Portugal

29)

Bartolomeu Dias captained the first European ship to sail what route?

To Cape of Good Hope which is the southern tip of Africa

30)

The Lince of Demarcation established a boundary between which two regions?

Spain and Portugal's new land in South America

31)

Under Japan's new system of feudalism, the daimyo were

Warrior chieftans that ruled their own territories

32)

The leader whose rule ended the "warring states" period, even though he did not succed in unifying Japan, was

Oda Nobunaga

33)

Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations?

Portugal

34)

Who were the first Europeans to arrive on Japanese soil?

Portugese

35)

What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support?

Absolute monarch

36)

WHich king did the Glorious Revolution bring to England's throne?

William of Orange Prince of Netherlands

37)

By the end of the 1600s, what had England's system of government become?

Constitutional monarchy

38)

What were some of Philip II's accomplishments as king of Spain?

Invented Catholocism, patron of art, Spanish armada, most powerful monarch in Spain

39)

What was the Edit of Nantes issued in an effort to do?

Henry II of France did it to to end religious conflict so that the Protestants could worship in areas where they were the majority

40)

Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe

30 Years' War

41)

How did Cardinal Richelieu work to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy?

He reduced noble's and hugenot's power

42)

Why did strong nations form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe?

Central Europe had weak governments/empires and no middle class

43)

Francis Bacon helped to develop

Scientific method

44)

Isaac Newton explained the

Laws of gravitation

45)

In general, the philosophes believed in which of the following?

Progress

46)

The Declaration of Independence was written by

Thomas Jefferson

47)

The BIll of RIghts was influenced by

Voltaire and Locke

48)

What are the characteristics of the neoclassical style of art?

Simple, elegant

49)

What was Montesquieu's influence on the US constitution

Branches of government, seperation of powers, checks and balances

50)

How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?

Baroque=grand Neoclassical=simple,elegant

51)

Howe were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar?

For an absolute monarchy

52)

What did the scientific revolution cause?

Improvement of science and medicine, new ways of thinking in life

53)

What did Andreas Vesaluis and Voltaire both do?

Questioned pre-existing ideas

54)

What happened on July 14, Bastille Day?

French over run it acquiring weapons and freeing prisoners

55)

Which document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?

Declaration of the Rights of man

56)

During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?

No one

57)

Which group imposed the Reign of Terror?

Committee of Public Safety

58)

About what percent of France's population belonged to the First and Second Estates?

2-3%

59)

WHich group most stryongly embraced the ideals and principles of the Enlightenment

Middle class

60)

What issue led to the first meeting of the Estates-General in 175 years?

Taxing second estate

61)

Which group finally forced Robespierre from power?

Fellow revolutionaries

62)

What was one important consequence of the Battle of Trafalgar?

Napoleon realizes can't defeat the British through military... French fleet destroyed... will stop invading Britain

63)

How did Gread Britain react to the Continental System?

Organized blockade, were angry so said everyone had to trade with them

64)

What was the main goal of the participants in the Congress of VIenna?

Wanted peace and stability

65)

What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia?

Scorched earth policy

66)

Why did Napoleon attack Portugal/

Napoleon wanted to enforce Continental System