Survey of Optometry
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Survey of Optometry
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Question:
Clinical Decision-Making Skills
Answer:
- When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras- Uncommon manifestation of common disease are more common than common manifestations of rare diseases- We tend to see what we are looking for; similarly, we tend not to see what we don't want (or expect) to see- Remain open-minded; avoid hasty decisions- Remember to look for diseases and conditions that you can't afford to miss- Remember the law of parsimony: The simplest explanation that fits the clinical description is likely to be the best- To make a good diagnosis, you must understand the patient's problem clearly- Understand how heuristics can help you but do not allow them to mislead you- Avoid relying on personal and anecdotal evidence; instead, rely on good epidemiologic and probabilistic reasoning- Decision making must be individualized to a patient's unique set of needs, desires, goals, and concerns