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AP Chemistry - Atoms, Bonds, and Nuclei

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Deck Created: September 30, 2009
Last Updated: October 03, 2009  by: DemiDec
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Created by: DemiDec Dan
Joined: 10/14/2008
Flashcards Created: 13612
Flashcard Set Questions
1. The “plum pudding” model
J.J. Thomson’s obsolete theory that electrons are distributed randomly in a uniform field of positive charge.
2. Atomic number (Z)
The number of protons in an atom.
3. Periodic table trend: atomic radius
From left to right across a period, this value decreases; it increases down a group.
4. Atomic mass (A)
The number of nucleons (neutrons + protons) in an atom.
5. Kilo-, mega-, milli-
The SI prefixes used for 103, 106, and 10-3, respectively.
6. Mass spectrometer
A high-tech instrument for determining the mass of an atom.
7. 6.022 x 1023
Avogadro’s number, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
8. Molar mass (a.k.a., molecular weight)
The mass of one mole of a substance.
9. Mass percent of H in H2O
100 x (the mass of two hydrogens) ÷ (the total mass of H2O)
10. Empirical formula
Unlike the molecular formula, this represents only the ratio of elements in a compound.
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The “plum pudding” model J.J. Thomson’s obsolete theory that electrons are distributed randomly in a uniform field of positive charge. Performed around the turn of the century, Thomson’s cathode-ray tube experiments suggested that all atoms include negatively charged particles. Unless ionized, atoms have no net electric charge. Therefore, atoms must also include positive charge to yield a net charge of zero. When this atomic model was in vogue, scientists hadn’t yet met the proton.
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